The long-term outlook for the energy sector remains uncertain. The challenge of how to balance sustainable, equitable development with much-needed energy affordability and energy security, while at the same time addressing climate concerns, has led to much debate and polarization among key stakeholders. The Outlook discusses critical issues, challenges and opportunities that the global energy industry, in general, and the oil industry, in particular, could face in the coming decades, touching on such factors as energy policy and climate negotiations, investment and the role of new technologies.